|
Solemn Mass ((ラテン語:missa solemnis)), sometimes also referred to as Solemn High Mass or simply High Mass, is, when used not merely as a description, the full ceremonial form of the Tridentine Mass, celebrated by a priest with a deacon and a subdeacon,〔"The essence of high Mass is not the music but the deacon and subdeacon" ((Catholic Encyclopedia: ''Liturgy of the Mass''). )〕 requiring most of the parts of the Mass to be sung, and the use of incense. The term "High Mass" is also used in the United States to describe the less elaborate Missa Cantata, which lacks deacon and subdeacon and some of the ceremonies connected with them. This article deals with Solemn Mass as celebrated according to the Tridentine use. These terms distinguish the form in question from that of Low Mass and Missa Cantata. The parts assigned to the deacon and subdeacon are often done by priests in vestments proper to those roles. A Solemn Mass celebrated by a bishop has its own particular ceremonies and is referred to as a Solemn Pontifical Mass. The terms "Solemn Mass," "Solemn High Mass," and "High Mass" are also often used within Anglo-Catholicism, in which the ceremonial, and sometimes the text, are based on those of the Sarum Rite or the later Tridentine Mass. Lutherans (mainly in Europe) sometimes use the term "High Mass" to describe a more solemn form of their Divine Service, generally celebrated in a manner similar to that of Roman Catholics. Examples of similarities include vestments, chanting, and incense. Lutheran congregations in North America commonly celebrate High Mass in essence,〔''Lutheran Service Book, Divine Service Setting I,III''〕 but rarely use the term "Mass."〔(Mass ) in the ''Christian Cyclopedia''.〕 ==Importance within Tridentine Mass== Solemn or High Mass is the full form of Tridentine Mass and elements of the abbreviated forms can be explained only in its light: :This high Mass is the norm; it is only in the complete rite with deacon and subdeacon that the ceremonies can be understood. Thus, the rubrics of the Ordinary of the Mass always suppose that the Mass is high. Low Mass, said by a priest alone with one server, is a shortened and simplified form of the same thing. Its ritual can be explained only by a reference to high Mass. For instance, the celebrant goes over to the north side of the altar to read the Gospel, because that is the side to which the deacon goes in procession at high Mass; he turns round always by the right, because at high Mass he should not turn his back to the deacon and so on.〔(Adrian Fortescue, "Liturgy of the Mass" in ''The Catholic Encyclopedia'' 1910. )〕 Since its 1970 revision, the Roman Missal no longer categorizes Mass as High or Low (in Latin, ''solemnis'' or ''lecta''), and distinguishes Mass〔General Instruction of the Roman Missal, chapter IV: The Different Forms of Celebrating Mass〕 only as celebrated with a congregation〔General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 115-198〕 (with a subdivision according as it is celebrated with or without a deacon)〔General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 120-186〕 or with participation by only one minister,〔General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 252-272〕 and as celebrated with or without concelebrating priests.〔General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 199-251〕 It recommends singing at all Masses, saying, for instance: "Although it is not always necessary (e.g., in weekday Masses) to sing all the texts that are of themselves meant to be sung, every care should be taken that singing by the ministers and the people is not absent in celebrations that occur on Sundays and on holy days of obligation";〔General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 40〕 and: "It is very appropriate that the priest sing those parts of the Eucharistic Prayer for which musical notation is provided."〔General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 147〕 The distinction between High and Low Mass is necessarily observed where the Tridentine form of the Roman Rite continues to be used. The term "High Mass" is sometimes encountered also, both in Anglican and certain Roman Catholic circles, to describe any Mass celebrated with greater solemnity. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Solemn Mass」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|